termite life cycle pdf
In general terms three types of termites occur in the United States. The aim of this review is to compare and consolidate the different life cycle pathways proposed to date.
Drywood Termites Extension Entomology
The different castes are separated into adult reproductives workers and soldiers.
. They feed on cellulose from wood paper cardboard and cotton cloth. The simplified model of a termite life cycle indicates the three castes the reproductives the soldiers and the workers. Several termite colonies may live near each other and attack the same structure.
The egg larva apterous workers wingless a brachypterous nymph with wing pads soldiers and adult swarmers. The lifespan of a termite depends on its caste as well as its species. With the various life cycle theories.
Within these castes are a complex life cycle with the development of individuals that look and behave differently from other members of the group. Like most insects termites begin at the egg stage. Queen termites live much longer than every other type and.
2 Workers The vast majority of individuals in a subterranean termite colony are workers. When termites feed on wooden structures however they become pests. Queen termites live much longer than every other type and have been known to survive for two or more decades under optimal conditions.
TERMITE LIFE CYCLE It all begins for a termite when the queen lays the egg. They live in well formed nests called termatoriums in trees and. Today we are going to learn about the life cycle of a termite.
The termite life span begins when it hatches as a nymph or immature termite. In general termites live for the following amounts of time. Life Cycle of Termite.
Typical life cycle of the subterranean termite. Soldiers have extra large helmet-like heads used to defend the colony. Communication in the Colony Termites in the same colony communicate with.
This molting process continues throughout a termite life cycle based on the colonys needs. Termite eggs look like little grains of rice which are often orange or yellow in color. Then once the termite has reached maturity its outermost exoskeleton splits open and the new exoskeleton enlarges and hardens.
Lets take a closer look at each stage 3. Worker and soldier termites live anywhere from 10 to 14 months. There are 7 stages in a termites life cycle.
1 single queen can lay up to 10 million eggs in her lifetime and she can found up to 20 different colonies in her lifetime. Central to the debate is the work of Buchli 1958 which has been the basis Address for correspondence. Termites begin life as eggs produced by the king and queen of the colony.
After 3 to 5 years a native subterranean termite colony is mature usually has about 250000 workers though some colonies remain small and begins to produce swarmers. Reproductive termites also known as alates or swarmers typically live to be 4 years old. The queen lays eggs year-round whereas the release of winged reproductives is an annual event.
Basically worker termites travel away from the nest to search for food and building tunnels while they are foraging. The oldest known Termites are fossils of Cretotermes carpenteri from the Cretaceous. PDF A description of termite biology distribution and diversity economic importance and sustainable management is presented.
Due to the fact that termites are hemimetabolous insects even the nymphs take part in the social life and have their specific tasks to fulfil. First a termite develops a soft exoskeleton under its current hard exoskeleton. Reproductive termites also known as alates or swarmers can live to be 4 years old.
They are polymorphic insects with chewing type of mouth parts. Each newly hatched termite can develop into any one of a number of castes. This is the life history of termite or white ant which is a colonial social insect exhibiting well developed cast system.
Mosquito Research and Control Unit PO Box 486 GT George Town Grand Cayman Cayman Islands. She lays many eggs every day queen termites of some termite species may produce 20000 to 30000 eggs per day. In their natural habitats termites are considered beneficial insects because they break down dead or dying plant materials and thus are an important part of the nutrient cycle.
Stage 2 Larvae or nymph. A female termite can lay around 30000 eggs in one day. 1 drywood 2 dampwood.
Reproductive males and females can be winged primary or wingless secondary or. The Termite Life Cycle Ter mites are opportunistica trait most aptly demonstrated by the variety of developmental options available to this small delicate social insect. Then the cycle is repeated.
There are three forms of adult reproductive termites including primary secondary and tertiary Fig. New kings and queens are winged during their early adult life but lose their wings after dispersing from their origi-nal colony. The ultimate caste or life form of an immature termite is not determined at the egg stage.
Isoptera are described as hemimetabolous medium sized polymorphic having more than one form social insects. Termite eggs are small and white in colour and can be noticed through the naked eye. The Life Cycle of a Termite.
Feel free to pick up and look at each stage from all sides. Subterranean termites have several stages. They may follow roots or abandoned tunnels previously excavated by ants or earthworms.
Nymphs may develop into any of three kinds of adult termites soldiers workers or reproductives. Termites have protozoa in their digestive tracts that can convert cellulose into usable food so subterranean termites feed on items that contain. Once food source is found more termites will be sent to feed on the food.
Session - Termite Life Cycle Activity Questions Provided in VIVED Science 1. The so far poorly understood concept of caste determination does not seem to be. Termites then grow and eventually fall somewhere in the termite social structure.
Needs of the colony and by the termite life cycle. LIFE CYCLE Most termite species swarm in late summer or fall although spring swarms are not uncommon for subter-ranean and drywood termites. For the termite life cycle.
They have biting mouthparts short cerci. Worker and soldier termites live anywhere from 10 to 14 months. Termites live in true social groups with a division of labor between the different castes of individuals.
An infestation begins when a mated pair finds a suitable nesting. The sterile workers live for 2-4 years while primary sexuals live for at least 20 and perhaps 50 years. Typically eggs take between 23-30 days to hatch.
In general termites live for the following amounts of time. When searching for food termites usually follow a chemi-cal or moisture gradient toward the food source. Termite life cycle comprises of eggs immature forms or nymphs and mature forms or adults which include sterile workers soldiers pseudergates and various fertile winged or.
Termites have microorganisms in their intestines to help digesting the cellulose. 1 The Egg Stage 1 After fertilization the female termite lays her eggs in a jelly-like liquid that holds the eggs together. Termite swarmers primary reproductives leave the.
The eggs hatch to become nymphs which are immature termites.
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